脉冲功率电容器用PbLa(ZrTi)O_3陶瓷性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了Pb0.96La0.06(Zr1-xTix)O3陶瓷,研究了Ti含量对所制陶瓷的电性能和储能特性的影响。结果表明,PbLa(ZrTi)O3陶瓷介电常数与电场强度呈非线性变化关系。当Ti含量x为0.08时,所测电滞回线细长狭窄,并呈下凹趋势,此时极化强度为22.18×10–6 C/cm2,储能密度为1.06 J/cm3。通过流延法制备的脉冲功率电容器击穿电压可大幅度提升,储能密度达1.95 J/cm3,具有高能量转换效率。     

基于PI迟滞模型的压电陶瓷复合控制算法研究

为减小压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性对系统跟踪精度的影响,该文采用经典的存在逆解析的PI迟滞模型对压电陶瓷的迟滞特性进行建模,将PI模型的逆模型用于压电陶瓷的前馈控制算法中,然后设计了神经元比例、积分、微分(PID)反馈控制算法,将前馈控制算法与神经元PID反馈控制算法结合得到了压电陶瓷的复合控制算法。将仅含前馈的控制算法和复合控制算法在压电陶瓷的控制器上执行,实验结果表明,仅含前馈的控制算法的跟踪误差为1.256μm,而复合控制算法的跟踪误差仅为0.092μm,该复合控制算法使跟踪精度提高了1.164μm。     

往复加载下预制承台-桩连接构造受力性能

在交通不便、土地资源稀缺及环保要求高的山区公路高架桥梁建设中,为充分利用一体化架桥设备桥面输送预制构件的优势、最大限度地实现全预制桥梁的建造需求,提出一种将现浇承台改为预制承台的方案。针对预制承台与桩连接构造受力安全可靠性问题,按照1/3的缩尺比设计制作两个预制承台-桩连接构造试件和一个现浇承台-桩连接构造试件,进行往复加载试验与非线性数值分析。试验结果表明：与现浇承台试件相比,预制承台试件的屈服点、极限承载力基本相同,桩的抗裂性能、裂缝分布也基本一致;现浇承台更易开裂,但预制承台裂缝数量更多、最大裂缝宽度更大;桩-预制承台连接试件的初始刚度略小,但开裂后的刚度与现浇承台试件相同;两种承台均能与桩共同受力,整体性能够得到保证。数值模拟与试验的倾角-位移曲线和滞回曲线较好吻合,表明数值模型可反映试件的变形情况、承载力与捏缩特性。试验和数值分析均验证了预制承台-桩连接构造受力性能的可靠性。     

背栅单层石墨烯场效应晶体管的构建及可靠性研究

采用低压化学气相沉积法(LPCVD)制备了高质量的单层石墨烯薄膜,通过湿法转移将所制备的单层石墨烯无损覆盖到两条平行粘贴在SiO2/Si衬底上的热释放胶带表面,胶带间距约500μm,进而对试样进行加热和切割,获得与SiO2/Si衬底紧密结合的石墨烯条带(约10 000μm×500μm),最后采用掩膜法在石墨烯条带上蒸镀金电极,构建成背栅石墨烯场效应晶体管。该方法简单易行,电学性能测试结果表明,石墨烯与金电极具有良好的欧姆接触,室温下,石墨烯的空穴迁移率约为735cm2/(V·s),且表现出了石墨烯所特有的双极性特征。背栅石墨烯场效应晶体管转移特性曲线表现出了滞回行为,且随着施加栅压的增大,滞回行为越来越显著,展示出高的性能可靠性。     

Fatigue crack initiation and crystallographic growth in 316L stainless steel

A mesoscale model of fatigue crack formation and stress–strain behavior in crystalline alloys entitled Sistaninia–Niffenegger Fatigue (SNF) model is applied to AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel. An inelastic hysteresis energy criterion in conjunction with continuum damage modeling provides a strong tool for studying the behavior of the austenitic steel under cyclic loading. The model predictions are validated against fatigue experimental data. The results show that this microstructural-based modeling approach is capable for predicting the behavior of the steel even under complex loading conditions. It can reproduce and help to understand well known fatigue experimental facts, e.g. the effect of grain size and initial defects, by considering the anisotropic behavior of crystalline materials at the level of the microstructure.     

Research on seismic resistance and mechanic behavior of reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete walls after high temperature

This study focused on the mechanical behavior of reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete (RLAC) walls under repeated horizontal loads after a standard temperature‐rising fire‐resistance test and compared the specimen walls' ultimate loads, yielding loads, cracked loads, stiffness, and ductility with those of reinforced normal‐weight aggregate concrete (RNAC) walls. Steel reinforcing bar spacing, aggregate types, wall widths, and high temperatures were variables in this study. The experimental results showed that, after the fire‐resistance test, the smaller the steel reinforcing bar spacing of RLAC walls, the higher the yield and ultimate loads, yet the worse the ductility and the hysteresis loop's energy, whereas the greater the width of the wall, the greater the stiffness and the higher the hysteresis loop's energy. The differences in terms of stiffness, ductility, and hysteresis between RLAC walls with and without the fire‐resistance test were insignificant, indicating that RLAC walls do not lose their basic mechanical behavior during a high‐temperature fire. RNAC walls showed, indeed, a significant downward trend for strength and hysteresis after the fire‐resistance test, but the decrease was much less clear for stiffness. Therefore, RLAC walls did show better seismic resistance than RNAC walls under the same testing conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Charge storage and memory effect in graphene quantum dots – PEG600 hybrid nanocomposite

We report an easy, one step, low cost method to obtain a hybrid composite material consisting in graphene quantum dots (GQDs) embedded in a polymeric – poly(ethylene glycol) bis (carboxymethyl) ether – matrix. Optical measurements show the excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence of the GQDs – PEG₆₀₀. In comparison with self-passivated GQDs, the composite exhibits a blue shifted photoluminescence, as well as additional emission peaks in the range of 570–600 nm. These features are explained by the presence of new electronic surface states induced by the polymeric matrix as it was demonstrated by the electrochemical measurements. The transport properties consist in a large clockwise hysteresis presenting high and low resistance states, also two distinctive regions of negative differential resistance. The photocurrent decay and the transient currents indicate a large charge storage and confirm the existence of trap charge levels. The experimental findings suggest that the leading mechanism underling the transport is Simmons Verderber. We demonstrated the switching properties of GQDs – PEG₆₀₀ for applications in non-volatile memory by performing standard sequence memory tests.     

一种高转速水轮发电机转子动平衡的试验方法

本文对高转速水轮发电机组的动平衡试验进行了研究,提出了一种比较实用的动平衡试验方法,这种方法具有仪器设备简便,启动机组次数少,平衡精度高等优点。     

Life prediction of stainless steels by cyclic and stable hysteresis curves

Abstract

This study develops an analytical expression to describe the cyclic stress‐strain curve obtained from a series of fully‐reversed fatigue tests. A set of stress‐strain relationships is proposed to simulate the tensile branch of the stable hysteresis loop. The complete shape of the stable hysteresis loop is then constructed and the associated theoretical plastic work calculated by integrating the area within the enclosed curve. The theoretical plastic work is employed to predict the fatigue lives of the investigated materials on the basis of their respective stable plastic work per cyclelife curves. In this paper, the current mathematical derivations are based upon the endochronic theory of plasticity. The accuracy of the proposed set of stress‐strain relationships is verified by conducting fully‐reversed constant strain amplitude fatigue tests on AISI 316 and AISI 304 stainless steels. The experimental and simulation results are found to be in good agreement, hence confirming the accuracy of the proposed analytical stress‐strain relationships. Again, comparing the obverted and predicted fatigue lives, a good agreement is found between the two sets of results.